The U.S. Neutral Rate Is High and Nobody Can Prove It Will Fall The Rate Nobody Can See The neutral rate does not exist in the way a mortgage rate exists. You cannot look it up. You cannot call a bank and ask for today's r-star. Economists define it as the interest rate that keeps the economy at full employment while holding inflation steady around the Fed's 2% target. When policy sits at that level, it neither presses the gas nor pumps the brakes. That is the theory. The practice is messier. The neutral rate moves. It shifts with productivity growth, demographic trends, global capital flows, and the mood of investors who decide where to park their money. It is inferred, not observed. Every estimate carries a confidence interval wide enough to drive a truck through. And right now, those estimates are drifting upward. The Federal Reserve's median neutral-rate estimate climbed to 3.25% in its latest projections, up from 3.1% — a jump Goldman Sachs called unexpectedly large. T...
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